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''Berberis darwinii'' is a species of barberry in the family Berberidaceae,〔Chilebosque: ''Berberis darwinii'' () Retrieved Aug. 2008〕 native to southern Chile and Argentina and naturalized elsewhere. Common names include 'Darwin's Barberry' and (Argentinean-Chilean Spanish) 'Michay'. It is an evergreen thorny shrub growing to 3–4 m tall, with dense branches from ground level. The leaves are small oval, 12–25 mm long and 5–12 mm broad, with a spiny margin; they are borne in clusters of 2–5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine 2–4 mm long. The flowers are orange, 4–5 mm long, produced in dense racemes 2–7 cm long in spring. The fruit is a small purple-black berry 4–7 mm diameter, ripening in summer. ''B. darwinii'' was discovered (in Western science) in South America in 1835 by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the 'Beagle'; however, the berries of this species were consumed by prehistoric native peoples〔C.Michael Hogan (2008) ''Cueva del Milodon'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham ()〕 in the Patagonian region over millennia. The species was one of many named in honour of Darwin.〔New York Academy of Sciences, ''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences'', Published by The Academy, 1909〕 It is a popular garden and hedging shrub in the British Isles. The Royal Horticultural Society has given the species its Award of Garden Merit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Berberis darwinii )〕 The edible fruit is very acidic. ''B. darwinii'' is regarded as an invasive plant pest in New Zealand〔(Darwin's barberry ), Containment pest plants, Greater Wellington Regional Council website, retrieved 12 January 2009.〕 that escaped from gardens into indigenous plant communities via its bird-dispersed seeds.〔(Darwin’s barberry ), DOC's weed work, Department of Conservation website, retrieved 4 January 2011.〕 It is considered a serious threat to indigenous ecosystems throughout New Zealand〔 (Seedling Recruitment of the Invasive Species Berberis Darwinii (Darwin's Barberry): What Contributes to Invasion Success? ), McAlpine, Katherine (Kate) Grace, 2005, Victoria University of Wellington doctoral thesis, retrieved 12 January 2009.〕 and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord. In Australia, the species is naturalised in the states of South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. The species has also become sparingly naturalized in the US states of California and Oregon.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Berberis darwinii in Flora of North America )〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berberis darwinii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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